By attorney Neil T. O'Donnell

There has been a growing trend among states to ease fire safety rules.

Everyone pictures residential buildings possessing two fire escape stairways on either side of the structure. That concept was adopted roughly in the 20th century because those units were not well-equipped to handle fires. Today, standardized building codes typically default to two staircases as a minimum means of egress for occupational buildings.

Single-stairwell buildings are allowed under certain circumstances. However, some legislatures are looking to open more buildings to single-stairwells in the interest of lessening development costs.

Washington, for example, has recently permitted single-staircases for buildings up to six feet. Colorado allows the same for buildings up to five stories. Proponents of this shift often point to features of modern buildings, such as better sprinklers and fire-proof materials, which make developments safer. The chief concern, of course, is construction of safe and affordable housing. Proponents argue easing the stairway regulations would be a step toward freeing up space.

Fire organizations such as the IAFF and Metro Fire Chiefs are less inclined to this idea. These organizations have been making an effort to prevent single-stairwells from becoming the norm. In case of fire, firefighters would have to use the same stairwell that families use to go down. While fire alarms and sprinklers have improved, they are still imperfect systems. Having multiple methods of egress is important because stairways may become compromised by exceptional levels of smoke.

Developing housing is important, but we should not sacrifice safety in the process.

Sources

1. See Section 1006.3.3 of the 2021 International Building Code.

2. Keith Schneider, Easing Fire Safety Rules to Cut Costs, The New York Times (March 12, 2026).